Research Papers (JVN)
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Item Critical reactions to the hot big bang interpretation(Cambridge University Press, 2009-09-14) Burbidge, G.Item Cosmology and cosmogony in a cyclic universe(Indian Academy of Sciences, 2007-04-26) Narlikar, J. V.; Burbidge, G.; Vishwakarma, R. G.In this paper we discuss the properties of the quasi-steady state cosmological model (QSSC) developed in 1993 in its role as a cyclic model of the universe driven by a negative energy scalar field. We discuss the origin of such a scalar field in the primary creation process first described by F. Hoyle & J. V. Narlikar forty years ago. It is shown that the creation processes which take place in the nuclei of galaxies are closely linked to the high energy and explosive phenomena, which are commonly observed in galaxies at all redshifts. The cyclic nature of the universe provides a natural link between the places of origin of the microwave background radiation (arising in hydrogen burning in stars), and the origin of the lightest nuclei (H, D, He³ and He⁴). It also allows us to relate the large scale cyclic properties of the universe to events taking place in the nuclei of galaxies. Observational evidence shows that ejection of matter and energy from these centers in the form of compact objects, gas and relativistic particles is responsible for the population of quasi-stellar objects (QSOs) and gamma-ray burst sources in the universe. In the later parts of the paper we briefly discuss the major unsolved problems of this integrated cosmological and cosmogonical scheme – the understanding of the origin of the intrinsic redshifts, and the periodicities in the redshift distribution of the QSOs.Item Interpretations of the accelerating universe(Astronomical Society of the Pacific, 2002-10-26) Narlikar, J. V.; Vishwakarma, R. G.; Burbidge, G.It is generally argued that the present cosmological observations support the accelerating models of the universe, as driven by the cosmological constant or `dark energy'. We argue here that an alternative model of the universe is possible which explains the current observations of the universe. We demonstrate this with a reinterpretation of the magnitude-redshift relation for Type Ia supernovae, since this was the test that gave a spurt to the current trend in favour of the cosmological constant.Item Statistical significance of close pairs of QSOs(Nature Publishing Group, 1985-11-29) Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V.; Hewitt, A.Item Contribution of quasistellar objects to the cosmic X-ray background(Indian Institute of Astrophysics, 1983-01-14) Narlikar, J. V.; Burbidge, G.Item Empirical approach to cosmology(Springer, 1981-01-23) Narlikar, J. V.; Burbidge, G.A two-component model of the universe is proposed, based on the observations of discrete extragalactic sources and the microwave background radiation. The large scale dynamics of the universe is determined by the radiation component and it leads to a characteristic size of the universe of approximately 600,000 Mpc and an age of approximately one trillion years. The second component, that of matter, occurs in discrete sources which group together in super-superclusters of characteristic size approximately 6000 Mpc and age 10 billion yr. It is suggested that the Galaxy belongs to one of these super-superclusters and that observations of discrete sources are confined to this unit. A reasonable agreement with the cosmological tests is obtained on the assumption that the geometry within a typical super-supercluster is Euclidean and that the redshifts of galaxies arise from a Doppler effect due to motions originating in a local explosion which gave birth to the super-supercluster. Further observational checks on this model are proposed.Item On the Hubble and the cosmological constant(Wiley-Blackwell, 1996-10-28) Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V.We review the observational determinations of the Hubble constant which have been made in recent years. We conclude that the most likely value of H_0 is 58 km s^-1 Mpc^-1 with uncertainties of +10 and -5. Thus the age of the standard big bang model is 11.2Gyr. The discrepancy between this value and the ages of the oldest observed stars, 13-16Gyr, appears to be real, necessitating some change in the standard model. A currently favoured procedure for coping with this widely-admitted difficulty for the theory which has been favoured by many cosmologists in recent years is a rebirth of the cosmological constant lambda. Even with this constant, the observations constrain the model very severely. There are theoretical considerations as well. The problem with this constant, as it has been seen over much of the past half-century, is that it is required to have a physical dimensionality of (length)^-2 and to have a magnitude of about 10^-56cm^-2. Theoreticians have not favoured introducing such a quantity ab initio into cosmology, but attempts to explain the genesis of lambda from particle physics have yielded results that are wide of what is required by immense factors (~10^50 to ~10^100). Using an approach from a scale-invariant theory of gravity, we show that lambda can be derived correct to a factor of ~2 within the modern Universe. This derivation does not appear to be applicable to earlier phases of the Universe, which give lambda~=H^2 rather than the relation lambda~=H^2_0 that a true cosmological constant would require.Item Quasi-steady state cosmology(Dordrecht, Reidel, 1995-03-29) Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V.Item Light nuclei in the quasi-steady state cosmological model(Springer, 1995-03-22) Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V.Item Quasi-steady state cosmology : a note on criticisms by E.L. Wright(Wiley-Blackwell, 1995-08-11) Hoyle, F.; Burbidge, G.; Narlikar, J. V.We answer criticisms made by Wright of the quasi-steady-state cosmology (QSSC). It is shown that none of his criticisms is valid, and the QSSC remains a viable cosmologies theory.
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