Research Publications

Now showing 1 - 10 of 23

Electrodynamics of direct interparticle action I : The quantum mechanical response of the universe
(Academic Press, 1969-03-10) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
The present paper is the first of a series that seeks to obtain results in agreement with experience from a completely time-symmetric electromagnetic theory-i.e. which does not permit an ad hoc restriction to retarded solutions of time-symmetric equations. It is remarkable that the development of a wholly time-symmetric theory must be along lines entirely different from the usual electrodynamics. While a first quantisation of the particles can readily be carried out, there can be no separate quantisation of the field, since the field is wholly determined by the particles. This raises the question of how practical results that have hitherto been thought to arise from field quantisation can be obtained. The most immediate problem of this kind concerns the spontaneous transitions of atoms. Much of the present paper is directed toward showing that this problem can indeed be solved without the need for field quantisation. Although this question might appear simple compared to other issues in quantum e1ectrodynamics-e.g. vacuum polarisation-it is not trivial in its implication, for the establishment of one such case provides a critical precedent. The path integral method of first quantisation is used to demonstrate that provided the Universe is a perfect absorber along the future light cone the usual formulae for level shifts and for spontaneous transitions can be obtained in a steady-state model of the Universe, but not in open Friedmann models.
Cosmology and quantum electrodynamics
(Nature Publishing Group, 1969-06-14) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
Cosmology and electrodynamics
(Nature Publishing Group, 1968-11-30) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
Cosmology and quantum electrodynamics
(Nature Publishing Group, 1968-07-27) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
Pulsed radio sources
(Nature Publishing Group, 1968-04-13) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
Time-symmetrical electrodynamics and cosmology
(Cornell University, 1967-04-15) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
On a wavefunction picture for the direct particle theory of gravitation and electromagnetism
(Royal Society, 1967-06-14) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
The paper is in three parts. The direct particle theory developed in previous papers is reviewed in the introductory first part. A new result is obtained, that while long-range gravitational forces are necessarily attractive very short-range forces must be repulsive. The theory for strong gravitational fields differs radically therefore from general relativity. In general relativity a finite particle collapses into a singularity. Here a singularity explodes into a finite particle. The concept of a finite particle is explored in the second and third parts. In the second part, the particle is treated as a classical world tube. A further new result emerges, that the inertial mass of such a particle must be very small. The gravitational mass is the same as in the line singularity case, but it turns out that a particle represented by a world tube shields its inertial mass through its own influence on the metric tensor. It is suggested that the very small ratio of gravitational to electrical forces may be due, not to the weakness of gravitation but to the smallness of the inertial mass. The advantage of this suggestion is that no very large dimensionless number need appear in the action formula. In the third part we pass to a wavefunction picture for the particles. An action principle is used that leads to the Dirac equation for the particles. The field equations are the same as in the line singularity case, except that the energy-momentum tensor associated with matter is changed from the form used in general relativity to the form that is usual for a Dirac 'field'. The wave-function picture, as developed here, contains the simpler ideas of the quantum theory-the superposition principle, stationary states, the quasi-classical theory of radiative transitions. No attempt is made in this paper to extend the theory to include effects that are particular to quantum electrodynamics.
Conformal theory of gravitation
(Royal Society, 1966-09-20) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
Certaini aspects of the new theory of gravitation proposed in a recent paper are examined in greater detail. It is shown that in the smooth fluid approximation the familiar Einstein equations follow as a result of a specific conformal transformation. The equations of the the theory differ from those of Einstein in the neighbourhood of a particle, however. This is illustrated by means of an explicit solution. Criticisms of the theory by other authors are considered anid discussedt.
On the formation of elliptical galaxies
(Royal Society, 1966-02-22) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
Radical departure from the ‘steady state’ concept in cosmology
(Royal Society, 1966-02-22) Hoyle, F.; Narlikar, J. V.
The results in this paper are based on an entirely different choice of the undetermined coupling contant f which appears in the theory of creation of matter. Previously f waschosen to make the steady-state expansion rate coincident with the observed expansion rate. Now that we take a much larger value for f, the corresponding steady-state expansion rate is much greater than the observed value. We interpret this difference as showing that we live in a wide, possibly temporary, fluctuation from the steady-state situation. The expansion rate in such a fluctuation follows the Einstein-de Sitter relations. The natural scale set by the new steady-state corresponds to the masses of clusters of galaxies, we obtain 1013M? instead of 1023M? for the 'observable universe'. It is suggested that elliptical galaxies were formed early in the development of a fluctuation. Our discussion of high energy phenomena leads to immediate explanations of the energy spectrum of cosmic rays, of the presence of e+ in cosmic rays and of the rate of energy production associated with radio sources.

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