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    Composite interstellar grains and the 2175˚A feature
    (Organic Matter in Space Proceedings IAU Symposium, 2008-08-14) Vaidya, D.B.; Gupta, Ranjan
    We use discrete dipole approximation (DDA) to study the scattering properties of composite grains made up of host silicate spheroids and graphite inclusions. We calculate the extinction cross sections of the composite grains in the wavelength region 0.20–0.55 μm and study the extinction of the composite grains as a function of graphite inclusions. We present the composite grain model and discuss the results.
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    Scattering Properties and Composition of Cometary Dust
    (Astrophysics and Space Science, 2005-04-11) Gupta, Ranjan; Vaidya, D.B.; Bobbie, J.S; et.al
    Composition of the Comet dust obtained by the dust impact analyzer on the Halley probes indicated that the comet dust is a mixture of silicate and carbonaceous material. The collected interplanetary dust particles (IDP’s) are fluffy and composite, having grains of several different types stuck together. Using discrete dipole approximation (DDA) we study the scattering properties of composite grains. In particular, we study the angular distribution of the scattered intensity and linear polarization of composite grains.We assume that the composite grains are made up of a host silicate sphere/spheroid with the inclusions of graphite. Results of our calculations on the composite grains show that the angle of maximum polarization shifts, and the degree of polarization varies with the volume fraction of the inclusions.We use these results on the composite grains to interpret the observed scattering in cometary dust.
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    Interstellar Extinction by Spheroidal Dust Grains
    (Astronomy & Astrophysics, 2008-02-02) Gupta, Ranjan; Mukai, Tadashi; Vaidya, D.B.; et al.
    Observations of interstellar extinction and polarization indicate that the interstellar medium consists of aligned non-spherical dust grains which show variation in the interstellar extinction curve for wavelengths ranging from NIR to UV. To model the extinction and polarization, one cannot use the conventional Mie theory which assumes the grains as solid spheres. We have used a T-matrix based method for computing the extinction efficiencies of spheroidal silicate and graphite grains of different shapes (axial ratios) and sizes and used these efficiencies to evaluate the interstellar extinction curve in the wavelength range 3.4 − 0.1μm. A best fit linear combination of silicate and graphite grains of not very large axial ratio, fits the observed extinction curve reasonably well. We calculate the volume extinction factor Vc, which is an important parameter from the point of view of the cosmic abundance, for the spheroidal grain models that reproduce the interstellar extinction curve. We find that the shape of the grains do not affect the volume extinction factor. Finally we have also studied the extinction and linear polarization efficiencies for aligned spheroids. The results show that the shape of grains affects the linear polarization efficiencies considerably for various orientation angles of the spheroids.
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    Scattering Properties and Composition of Cometary Dust
    (Astrophysics and Space Science, 2005-04-11) Gupta, Ranjan; Vaidya, D.B.; Bobbie, J.S; et.al
    Composition of the Comet dust obtained by the dust impact analyzer on the Halley probes indicated that the comet dust is a mixture of silicate and carbonaceous material. The collected interplanetary dust particles (IDP’s) are fluffy and composite, having grains of several different types stuck together. Using discrete dipole approximation (DDA) we study the scattering properties of composite grains. In particular, we study the angular distribution of the scattered intensity and linear polarization of composite grains.We assume that the composite grains are made up of a host silicate sphere/spheroid with the inclusions of graphite. Results of our calculations on the composite grains show that the angle of maximum polarization shifts, and the degree of polarization varies with the volume fraction of the inclusions.We use these results on the composite
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    Effect of intergalactic dust on the measurement of the cosmological deceleration parameter qo
    (Indian Academy of Sciences, 1976-01-11) Chitre, S. M.; Narlikar, J. V.
    In a recent attempt to explain the cosmic microwave background without the big bang, a thermalization mechanism involving intergalactic whisker grains of graphite was proposed. The effect of absorption by the intergalactic medium in general, and of the above type in particular, on the measurement of the deceleration parameter q0 of the expanding universe is discussed. Its effect is shown to be comparable in magnitude but opposite to that of the luminosity evolution in galaxies. A consequential selection effect is also discussed.
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    Dust model for the cosmic microwave background
    (Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1975-02-07) Narlikar, J. V.; Edmunds, M. G.; Wickramasinghe, N. C.; et al.
    The cosmic microwave background may be explained on the basis of absorption and reemission of the light from galaxies by graphite whiskers of lengths l⋍0.1-1 mm. The mass density of such particles required is of the order of 10−³⁴ g cm−³ .